Ars Romana: The Art of Ancient Rome

Explore the sophisticated visual culture of the Roman Empire, from monumental architecture to intimate wall paintings.

Roman art can be considered a synthesis of Greek, Etruscan, and native Italic influences. Unlike the Greeks' focus on idealized forms, the Romans prioritized practical application, scale, and a sophisticated eclecticism. This pragmatic approach led to groundbreaking innovations, especially in engineering and the widespread dissemination of art across the empire.

The Pantheon: A masterpiece of Roman engineering.

Architecture was arguably the greatest of the Romans' artistic achievements. Their mastery of the arch, the vault, and the groundbreaking use of concrete allowed them to create structures of unprecedented scale and longevity. Buildings like the Colosseum and the Pantheon remain symbols of imperial power and technical genius.

A realistic Roman portrait bust.

Roman sculpture is most distinctive in its portraiture. During the Republic, artists championed verism, depicting subjects with every flaw to emphasize age, wisdom, and experience. The Imperial era later adopted more idealized Greek styles, reflecting the image of the emperor as a perfect, powerful leader.

Key Facts about Roman Painting and Mosaics

Roman wall painting is categorized into Four Styles, found primarily in private homes like those in Pompeii.
The First Style simulated expensive marble and masonry using painted plaster.
The Fourth Style was a dynamic, 'baroque' blend, combining narrative painting with architectural illusions.
Mosaics were essential for architectural decoration, most commonly used for elaborate floor pavements.