Explore the major conflicts that defined the Roman Empire and shaped its history.
The decisive conflict between Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great that marked the end of the Roman Republic and Caesar's rise to absolute power.
The three defining conflicts between the Roman Republic and Carthage, which determined the supreme power of the Mediterranean world.
The two military campaigns led by Emperor Trajan against King Decebalus of Dacia, resulting in Rome's greatest territorial acquisition and immense wealth.
A series of conflicts lasting centuries, beginning with the explosive Rashidun conquests and evolving into a protracted border struggle that reshaped the Middle East and North Africa.
The most infamous of the Crusades, diverted from its goal of recapturing Jerusalem to the conquest and brutal sack of the Christian city of Constantinople, leading to the temporary collapse of the Byzantine Empire.
